Aerobic physical training impact on adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Effects of body fat percentage

ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the effects of aerobic training on adipokine concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subjects and methods: 120 women, including 60 with PCOS and 60 without PCOS, were divided into six groups (n = 20) based on body fat percentages of 22%-27%, 28%-32%, and 33%-37%. All groups were submitted the same evaluations before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training. These included anthropometric and hemodynamic analyses, cardiopulmonary tests, and laboratory tests. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the differences between women with and without PCOS, effect of the body fat percentage, and effect of aerobic training. Results: Body fat and PCOS were associated with high values of blood glucose, insulin, and testosterone. Body fat also reduced adiponectin levels and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, the PCOS increased only TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In the PCOS group, aerobic training reduced insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and IL-6 levels. It also promoted an increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein levels. However, aerobic training did not alter TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion: The body fat potentiates metabolic impairments that may be harmful to women with PCOS. Aerobic training appears to promote an important beneficial effect on the metabolic regulation of adipokines, except TNF-α.

Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Exhibit Reduced Baroreflex Sensitivity That May Be Associated with Increased Body Fat / Mulheres com Síndrome do Ovário Policístico Apresentam menor Sensibilidade Barorreflexa, a Qual Pode Estar Associada ao Aumento da Gordura Corporal

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women have a high prevalence of obesity and alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control, mainly modifications in heart rate variability (HRV) autonomic modulation. However, there are few studies about other autonomic control parameters, such as blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In addition, there are still doubts about the obesity real contribution in altering autonomic control in these women. Objective: To investigate BPV and BRS autonomic modulation alterations in PCOS women, as well as, to evaluate whether these alterations are due PCOS or increased body fat. Methods: We studied 30 eutrophic volunteers [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2] without PCOS (control group) and 60 volunteers with PCOS divided into: eutrophic (BMI < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) and obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). All volunteers were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters record at rest and during physical exercise, analysis of HRV, BPV and spontaneous BRS. The differences in p less than 5% (p < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results: Related to eutrophics groups, there were no differences in autonomic parameters evaluated. The comparison between the PCOS groups showed that both PCOS groups did not differ in the BPV analysis. Although, the obese PCOS group presented lower values of spontaneous BRS and HRV, in low frequency and high frequency oscillations in absolute units. Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity did little to alter HRV in women with PCOS, but it may influence the spontaneous BRS.

Resumo Fundamento: As mulheres com síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) apresentam alta prevalência de obesidade e alterações no controle autonômico cardiovascular, principalmente modificações na modulação autonômica da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre outros parâmetros de controle autonômico, como a variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) e a sensibilidade barorreflexa (SBR). Além disso, ainda há dúvidas sobre a real contribuição da obesidade na alteração do controle autonômico dessas mulheres. Objetivo: Investigar as alterações da modulação autonômica da VPA e SBR em mulheres com SOP, bem como avaliar se essas alterações se devem à SOP ou ao aumento da gordura corporal. Métodos: Foram estudadas 30 voluntárias com peso normal [índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 kg/m2] sem SOP (grupo controle) e 60 voluntárias com SOP, divididas em: mulheres com peso normal (IMC < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) e mulheres obesas (IMC > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). Todas as voluntárias foram submetidas à avaliação antropométrica, com registro de parâmetros hemodinâmicos e cardiorrespiratórios em repouso e durante exercício físico, e análise da VFC, VPA e SBR espontânea. As diferenças de p < 5% (p < 0,05) foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Em relação aos grupos com peso normal, não houve diferenças nos parâmetros autonômicos avaliados. A comparação entre os grupos SOP mostrou que ambos os grupos não diferiram na análise da VPA. No entanto, o grupo SOP obeso apresentou menores valores de SBR espontânea e VFC nas oscilações de baixa e alta frequências, em unidades absolutas. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que a obesidade pouco influenciou a VFC em mulheres com SOP, mas pode afetar a SBR espontânea.